TRAFFIC OFFENCES IN THE ACT

NEGLIGENT DRIVING IN THE ACT

  1. Driving negligently is an offence under section 6 of the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999.
  2. Negligent driving is a strictly summary offence, meaning it must always be dealt with in the Magistrates court.
  3. There are numerous different degrees of negligent driving depending on what it occasions. The Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999 outlines that negligent driving may occasion death, grievous bodily harm, actual bodily harm or may not result in any injury.
  4. If you plead guilty, or are found guilty, there are numerous different penalties that may be imposed. For negligent driving causing death the maximum penalty is a fine of $32,000 and/or imprisonment for 2 years, and a licence disqualification of 9 months for first offenders and 18 months for repeat offenders. For negligent driving causing grievous bodily harm the maximum penalty is a fine of $16,000 and/or imprisonment for 1 year, and a licence disqualification of 6 months for first offenders and 12 months for repeat offenders.

For negligent driving causing actual bodily harm the maximum penalty is a conviction and fine of $8,000. For negligent driving which does not cause any injury the maximum penalty is a conviction and fine of $3,200.

To satisfy a guilty verdict of negligent driving, the prosecution must prove that you:

  1. Drove a vehicle;
  2. On a road or road-related area;
  3. In a manner which departs from the standard expected of an ‘ordinary prudent driver’.

If you have been charged with negligent driving occasioning death or grievous bodily harm the prosecution must also prove that your negligent driving was the cause of that injury or death.

  1. You may not accept that you were the driver of the vehicle
  2. You were not driving on a public road or road-related area
  3. You may have had a medical episode (e.g., a seizure) causing your actions to become involuntary
  4. You may have honestly and reasonably believed that you were not driving negligently
  5. You may have been acting under duress
  6. The driving may have involved an innocent act or accident or not have been a departure from the standards expected of an ordinary prudent driver.

The court must also consider the nature and condition of the road where the offence was committed, and the amount of traffic that may be reasonably expected to be on that road.

The decision to plead guilty, or not guilty, is dependent on numerous factors including whether you accept that you were driving negligently and that you occasioned death, actual bodily harm or grievous bodily harm as a result.

Q. What is actual bodily harm?

Under section 6 of the relevant Act, actual bodily harm may include, by way of example:

  • Deep bruising received as a result of being involved in an incident between 2 motor vehicles
  • Cuts and abrasions resulting in the breaking of the skin received as a result of being knocked from a bicycle onto a road
  • A pedestrian received a sprained ankle from being hit by a car on a pedestrian crossing

Q. What is grievous bodily harm?

Under section 6 of the relevant Act, grievous bodily harm means really serious harm and includes permanent or serious disfigurement.

Q. Will I lose my licence for negligent driving?

Under section 6 of the Act, your licence will be automatically disqualified if your negligent driving results in death or grievous bodily harm.  For negligent driving causing death the licence disqualification is 9 months for first offenders and 18 months for repeat offenders. For negligent driving causing grievous bodily harm the licence disqualification is 6 months for first offenders and 12 months for repeat offenders. For negligent driving where no death or grievous bodily harm is occasioned the court will likely not impose a licence disqualification although retains the discretion to do so.

Q. Will I go to jail for negligent driving?

The severity of the offence and its penalty depends on what the negligent driving occasions. If your negligent driving occasions death the maximum penalty is 2 years imprisonment. If it occasions grievous bodily harm the maximum penalty is 1 year imprisonment. Imprisonment is not an available penalty for negligent driving causing actual bodily harm or where no injury is occasioned.

FURIOUS/RECKLESS/DANGEROUS DRIVING IN THE ACT

  1. Driving furiously, recklessly or at a speed that is dangerous to the public is an offence under section 7 of the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999.
  2. The maximum penalty for this driving offence is 12 months imprisonment and/or a fine of up to $16,000 for first offenders. If the driving occurs in circumstances of aggravation the maximum penalties can be anywhere from 2-5 years imprisonment and fines of up to $32,000 – $80,000.
  3. A conviction for this offence carries an automatic licence disqualification of between 3 months – 12 months, depending on whether it is an aggravated offence.

For an offence of furious, reckless or dangerous driving to be made, the prosecution must prove that you:

  1. Drove a vehicle;
  2. On a road or road-related area;
  3. In a way that furious, reckless or at a speed and in a way that was dangerous to the public

  1. Duress: You may have been threatened with serious harm for not doing what you were told
  2. Emergency: You may have had a medical episode (e.g., a seizure) that caused you to act involuntarily
  3. You may have only driven within a private space and not within a public road or road-related area as the offence requires.
  4. The manner of driving may not have been sufficient to amount to furious, reckless or dangerous driving.

The decision to plead guilty, or not guilty, is dependent on numerous factors including whether you accept that you were driving furiously, recklessly or in a dangerous manner.

Q. What does dangerous driving mean?

Dangerous driving is driving in a manner that endangers people or property.

Q: What makes the offence aggravated?

Section 7A sets out particular instances that make a dangerous driving offence aggravated and these include:

  • Failing to comply with a police request to stop your vehicle
  • Driving over the BAC limit (0.05, or 0.00 for special drivers)
  • Driving with prescribed drugs in their oral fluid or blood
  • Driving whilst under the influence of alcohol or drugs to the extent that they do not have proper control over the vehicle
  • Exceeding the speed limit by 30%
  • Driving in such a way that puts a vulnerable road user at risk of safety (e.g., cyclists, people on disability devices)
  • Driving with a person under the age of 17 in the vehicle
  • Being a repeat offender.

Q. Will I go to jail for furious/reckless/dangerous driving?

Whether you are realistically at risk of imprisonment will depend on many factors including the seriousness of the conduct, any prior criminal record, whether a plea of guilty was entered at an early stage and many other relevant considerations.

If you are found guilty of an aggravated offence and you are a first offender the maximum penalty is 3 years imprisonment. If you are found guilty of an aggravated offence and you are a repeat offender, the maximum penalty is 5 years imprisonment. If the offence is not aggravated, the maximum penalty is 12 months imprisonment.Speak with a traffic defence lawyer in Canberra to discuss the potential outcomes for your situation.

DRIVING WHILE DISQUALIFIED IN THE ACT

  1. Driving whilst disqualified is an offence under Section 32(1) and 32(1) of the Road Transport (Driver Licensing) Act 1999.
  2. This offence carries a maximum penalty of $8,000.00 and/or 6 months imprisonment for first offenders and a fine of up to $16,000.00 and/or 1 year imprisonment for repeat offenders.
  3. If you plead guilty, or are found guilty of this offence a number of different sentences can be imposed, including licence disqualification. It is likely that a criminal conviction will be recorded against you.

Driving whilst disqualified is an offence of strict liability, meaning that if the physical elements of the offence are met, you are likely to be found guilty of an offence. The elements of this offence that must be satisfied are:

  1. Your licence had been disqualified, and;
  2. You intentionally drove in the ACT on a road or road related area.

  1. You were not driving a motor vehicle on a road or road related area
  2. You did not have a disqualified licence
  3. You did not intend to drive the motor vehicle
  4. You honestly and reasonably believed that you were not disqualified at the time of driving

If you are convicted of an offence against 32(1) or (3) you are automatically disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver’s licence for 12 months if this is your first offence, or 24 months for a repeat offence. If you plead not guilty and the offence is not proved there will not be any licence disqualification.

The decision to plead guilty, or not guilty, is dependent on numerous factors including whether you accept that you were driving whilst disqualified. Consult with a traffic defence lawyer to discuss your best course of action.

Q. When does my disqualification period take effect?

Under Section 32(7) of the Road Transport (Driver Licensing) Act 1999, if you have already had your licence disqualified or suspended your disqualification period begins at the end of your current disqualification or suspension period.

Q. Am I considered a repeat offender?

You may be considered a repeat offender under the Act if you have been convicted or found guilty of an offence under this same section within the 5 years prior to being convicted of your current offence. You are considered to be a first offender if you have not been convicted of an offence under the same section in the last 5 years.

Q. Will I go to jail for driving whilst disqualified?

The maximum penalty if this is your first offence is a fine of up to $3,200.00 and/or 6 months imprisonment, but it is not likely that you will be imprisoned if you are found, or plead, guilty to this offence. However, if you are a repeat offender, you may be imprisoned for up to 12 months if found guilty for driving whilst disqualified. Whether there is a real prospect of being sentenced to a period of full-time imprisonment will depend on a range of factors including how many past drive disqualified offences you have committed, your other criminal history, and the seriousness of the current offence.

DRIVING WHILE LICENCE SUSPENDED

  1. Driving whilst suspended is an offence under Section 32(2)(a) of the Road Transport (Driver Licensing) Act 1999.
  2. This offence carries a maximum penalty of a fine of up to $8,000.00 and 6 months imprisonment for first offenders and a fine of up to $16,000.00 and 1 year imprisonment for repeat offenders.
  3. This is an offence of strict liability, meaning that if the physical elements are met (e.g., you are found to be driving in the ACT with a suspended ACT licence), the offence is satisfied unless you establish that you held an honest and reasonable mistake about the fact that the licence was suspended.
  4. If you plead guilty, or are found guilty of this offence a number of different sentences can be imposed, including a period of licence disqualification. It is possible that a criminal conviction will be recorded against you.

Driving whilst suspended is an offence of strict liability, meaning that if the physical elements of the offence are met, you are likely to be found guilty of an offence. The elements of this offence that must be satisfied are:

  1. Your licence had been suspended, and;
  2. You intentionally drove in the ACT on a road or road related area.

An offence of driving while a licence suspended is different to, and generally less serious than, an offence of driving while a driver licence is disqualified. A suspension of a licence is something done by police or the road transport authority while a disqualification is something imposed by a court.

  1. You were not driving a motor vehicle on a road or road related area
  2. You did not have a suspended licence
  3. You did not intend to drive the motor vehicle
  4. You honestly and reasonably believed that you were not suspended at the time of driving

The decision to plead guilty, or not guilty, is dependent on numerous factors including whether you accept that you were driving whilst suspended. A traffic offence lawyer is best placed to assist you with determining this decision.

Q. Will I go to jail for driving with a suspended licence?

The maximum penalty is a fine of up to $8,000.00 and 6 months imprisonment for first offenders and a fine of up to $16,000.00 and 1 year imprisonment for repeat offenders. For first offenders, it is quite unlikely you will be sentenced to imprisonment. For repeat offenders, the prospects of being sentenced to full-time imprisonment will depend on a range of factors including your past driving history, any other criminal antecedents and the seriousness of the current offence.

Q. Will the court impose a further period of licence disqualification?

The length of licence disqualification will depend on the reason you originally had your licence suspended. If the suspension was due a failure to pay an infringement notice or fine, the disqualification period is a minimum 1 month for first offenders and 2 months for repeat offences. If the suspension is for incurring too many demerit points the disqualification is for a minimum of 2 months for first offenders, and 4 months for repeat offenders. For any other suspension the disqualification is a minimum of 3 months for first offenders and 12 months for repeat offenders.

Q: Am I considered a repeat offender?

You may be considered a repeat offender under the Act if you have been convicted or found guilty of an offence under this same section within the 5 years prior to being convicted of your current offence. You are considered to be a first offender if you have not been convicted of an offence under the same section in the last 5 years.

DRIVING WHILE LICENCE CANCELLED IN THE ACT

  1. Driving with a cancelled or refused licence is an offence under Section 32(3) of the Road Transport (Driver Licensing) Act 1999.
  2. This offence carries a maximum penalty of a fine of up to $8,000.00 and/or 6 months imprisonment for first offenders and a fine of up to $16,00.00 and/or 1 year imprisonment for repeat offenders.
  3. If you plead guilty, or are found guilty of this offence a number of different sentences can be imposed. It is possible that a criminal conviction will be recorded against you.

  1. You were driving a motor vehicle on a road or road related area
  2. Without having subsequently obtained an Australian driver licence, or;
  3. You applied for a driver licence and omitted to mention your previous applications refusal or cancellation

  1. You were not driving a motor vehicle on a road or road related area
  2. You had obtained an Australian driver’s licence
  3. You did not intend to drive the motor vehicle
  4. You honestly and reasonably believed that your licence was not cancelled at the time

The decision to plead guilty, or not guilty, is dependent on numerous factors including whether you accept that you were driving whilst cancelled.

Q. What is the difference between ‘disqualification’, ‘suspension’ and ‘cancellation’?

Only courts have the power to impose a disqualification of a driver licence. A suspension of a driver licence is a temporary restriction imposed by police or the road transport authority. A licence is cancelled if the Road Transport Authority does not approve an application for a driver licence. Driving while disqualified by a court is generally considered more serious than driving while a licence is suspended or cancelled.

Q. Will I go to jail if found guilty?

If you plead guilty, or are found guilty, of driving whilst cancelled there is a possibility of an imprisonment sentence but it is not likely for a first offender. A repeat offender may be at greater risk of having an imprisonment sentence imposed. The type of sentence you receive will depend on the facts of your case, your personal circumstances, criminal history and many other factors.

It is important that a traffic defence lawyer properly prepares and presents your case to minimise the risk of you going to gaol, or to persuade the court to reduce the length of the gaol sentence.

Q. Am I considered a repeat offender?

You may be considered a repeat offender under the Act if you have been convicted or found guilty of an offence under this same section within the 5 years prior to being convicted of your current offence. You are considered to be a first offender if you have not been convicted of an offence under the same section in the last 5 years.

FAILING TO STOP FOR POLICE

  1. Failing to stop when signalled by a police officer is an offence under section 5C of the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act.
  2. The requirement to satisfy this offence is a failure to stop upon request or as soon as practicable
  3. For first offenders this offence carries a maximum of a fine of up to $16,000.00 with the possibility of 12 months’ imprisonment.
  4. For repeat offenders this offence carries a maximum penalty of a fine of up to $48,000.00 with the possibility of 3 years imprisonment.
  5. Under section 63 of the Road Transport (General) Act 1999, automatic licence disqualification also applies to an offence against this section. This means if you are found guilty of failing to stop for police, your driver’s licence is automatically disqualified for a period of 3 months or longer for first offenders, or 12 months or longer for repeat offenders.

HOON LAWS IN THE ACT / IMPROPER USE OF VEHICLES IN THE ACT

  1. It is an offence under section 5B of the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999 to use a motor vehicle in an ‘improper’ way. Such offences include burnouts, handbrake turns, drifting, wheelies and J-turns. The maximum penalty for this offence is a fine of up to $3,200.00.
  2. It is also an offence under section 5A of the Act to race other vehicles on road related areas. In addition to speeding offences, attempting to break vehicle speed records and maximise the acceleration of a vehicle on a road is an offence punishable by a maximum fine of up to $3,200.00.
  3. Automatic licence suspension applies to both of these offences under section 63 of the Road Transport (General) Act 1999. This means if you are found guilty of , your driver’s licence is automatically disqualified for a period of 3 months or longer for first offenders, or 12 months or longer for repeat offenders.

USE MOBILE PHONE WHILE DRIVING IN THE ACT

  1. It is an offence to illegally use your mobile phone whilst driving unless for certain purposes. This offence carries an infringement of $632 and 4 demerit points.  
  2. Learner (L-plate) and provisional (P-plate) drivers are not permitted to use their mobile phones for any purposes while driving.
  3. Drivers are permitted to use their phones for GPS purposes and to make phone calls whilst driving, so long as the phone is in a carriage.

Q. What mobile phone activity is permitted?

Drivers with their full licences are allowed to use their mobile phones for certain specific circumstances. Permitted usage includes making or receiving phone calls and using GPS navigation. However, it is an offence to text, email, facetime, use mobile applications and take photos whilst driving.

Q. When can I touch my phone?

You are allowed to use your mobile phone whilst driving for phone call and GPS purposes, so long as the phone is securely mounted to the vehicle in a cradle. Phone calls can still be made without your mobile being mounted, so long as the call is made through voice activation controls (such as Siri), as you are not permitted to touch your mobile unless it is securely mounted.

Q. Can I use my phone if I am stopped at a traffic light?

Being stopped at a traffic light is still considered to be driving. Therefore, using your phone at a red light in ways that are not permitted whilst your vehicle is moving is an offence

Whether you should plead guilty or not guilty will depend on a number of factors, including whether you accept that you engaged in predatory driving.

You may accept that you committed the offence, but disagree with part or all of what police say happened. In these circumstances, your lawyer may be able to negotiate with the prosecution to amend the police facts.

CULPABLE DRIVING IN THE ACT

  1. Culpable driving is an offence under Section 29 of the Crimes Act 1900 (ACT).
  2. Culpable driving may result in death or grievous bodily harm.
  3. Culpable driving resulting in death has a maximum penalty of 14 years imprisonment. If this offence is aggravated the maximum penalty is 16 years imprisonment.
  4. Culpable driving resulting in grievous bodily harm has a maximum penalty of 10 years imprisonment. If the offence is aggravated the maximum penalty is 12 years.

There are different types of culpable driving offences that require different elements to be proved:

  1. Culpable driving causing death
    1. You were driving a motor vehicle culpably
    2. Your driving resulted in the death of another person
  2. Aggravated culpable driving causing death
    1. You were driving a motor vehicle culpably
    2. Your driving resulted in the death of another person
    3. Your offence was aggravated
  3. Culpable driving causing grievous bodily harm
    1. You were driving a motor vehicle culpably
    2. Your driving resulted in the grievous bodily harm of another person
  4. Aggravated culpable driving causing death

You were driving a motor vehicle culpably

Your driving resulted in the grievous bodily harm of another person

Your offence was aggravated

  1. You may have been responsible for an accident but not driving in a manner that reaches the threshold of being culpable
  2. You may not have been the driver of the vehicle
  3. You may have had a medical episode (e.g., a seizure) that caused you to act involuntarily

The decision to plead guilty, or not guilty, is dependent on numerous factors including whether you accept that you were driving culpably.

You may accept that you drove culpably, but your traffic lawyer may be able to persuade the prosecutor to accept a plea of guilty to a less serious charge such as negligent driving.

Alternatively, you may accept that you committed the offence but disagree with part or all of what police say happened. In these circumstances, your lawyer may be able to negotiate with the prosecutor to change the statement of facts.

Q. What is culpable driving?

  1. You are considered to have been driving a motor vehicle culpably of you drive:
  2. Negligently; or
  3. Whilst under the influence of alcohol, or a drug, to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the vehicle

Q. What is negligent driving?

For this offence you are considered to have been driving negligently if you fail unjustifiably and to a gross degree to observe the standard of care that a reasonable person would have observed in all circumstances of the case.

Q. What is an aggravated offence?

An offence may be considered aggravated in relation to section 29 of the Act if the offence is against a pregnant woman or involves family violence.

Q. Will my licence be disqualified for culpable driving?

Yes. If you are found guilty, or plead guilty, to culpable driving then an automatic disqualification of your drivers licence applies under Section 62 of the Road Transport (General) Act 1999 (ACT).  The automatic licence disqualification period for first offenders is 12 months and for repeat offenders is 24 months.

Q. Will I go to jail for culpable driving?

If you plead guilty, or are found guilty, of culpable driving it is likely a sentence of imprisonment will be imposed. However, the type of sentence you receive will depend on the facts of your case, your personal circumstances, criminal history and many other factors.It is important that a traffic lawyer properly prepares and presents your case to minimise the risk of you going to jail, or to persuade the court to reduce the length of the jail sentence.

MENACING DRIVING IN THE ACT

  1. Menacing driving is an offence under Section 8 of the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999 (ACT).
  2. The maximum penalty for this offence is imprisonment for 1 year and/ or a fine of up to $160,000.00.
  3. If you plead guilty, or are found guilty of this offence a number of different sentences can be imposed. It is likely that a criminal conviction will be recorded against you.

For a conviction of menacing driving to be made out the police must prove that:

  1. You drove a motor vehicle
  2. On a road or road related area
  3. In a way that menaces someone else
  4. With intention of menacing the other person or being reckless as to being menacing.

  1. The driving may have been negligent or improper but not sufficiently serious to amount to being menacing
  2. You may not have been the driver
  3. You may not have been driving on a road or road related area
  4. You may have had a medical episode that caused you to act in a menacing way.

The decision to plead guilty, or not guilty, is dependent on numerous factors including whether you accept that you were driving menacingly.

You may accept that you drove menacingly, but your traffic offence lawyer may be able to persuade the prosecutor to accept a plea of guilty to a less serious charge.

Alternatively, you may accept that you committed the offence but disagree with part or all of what police say happened. In these circumstances, your lawyer may be able to negotiate with the prosecutor to change the statement of facts.

Q. What is menacing driving?

Menacing driving includes behavior by a motor vehicle user that induces a threat of personal injury or threat of damage to property.

Q. Will I lose my licence for menacing driving?

If you are found guilty of menacing driving your driver’s licence will automatically be disqualified under Section 63 of the Road Transport (General) Act 1999 (ACT). The automatic disqualification for a first offender is 3 months and for a repeat offender is 12 months.

Q. Can my car be impounded?

Police have the power to impound your vehicle pending the resolution of a menacing driving charge for up to 3 months. If convicted of a first offence of menacing driving a court must also make an impounding order for 3 months (taking account of time already served through the police impounding) unless the court decides a shorter period would avoid excessive hardship or injustice to anyone. For a repeat offence, the court must order the vehicle be permanently forfeited to the government unless it considers doing so would result in excessive hardship or injustice for anyone.

Q. Will I go to jail for menacing driving?

If you plead guilty, or are found guilty, of driving menacingly there is a potential to be sentenced to imprisonment. However, the type of sentence you receive will depend on the facts of your case, your personal circumstances, criminal history and many other factors.It is important that a traffic defence lawyer properly prepares and presents your case to minimise the risk of you going to gaol, or to persuade the court to reduce the length of the jail sentence.

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Whether you want to plead not guilty, you are looking to secure the best possible sentence, or a loved one wants to apply for bail, it is essential to have an experienced team of criminal defence lawyers in your corner.

Seeking comprehensive and practical advice at an early stage will best ensure your rights and interests are protected. Our lawyers will properly prepare and present your case to assist you in getting the best possible outcome.

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